selective vs differential media

Mannitol salt agar, tellurite media, Lowenstein-Jensen media, thiosulphate-citrate bile sucrose agar etc. MacConkey agar media contains bile salt and less selective for the isolation of different members belonging to the Enterobacteriacea family. Beta hemolytic organisms completely lyse red blood cells, leaving an area of total clearing underneath and around the colonies. Differential media does not select for any particular group by inhibiting or enhancing their growth over competitors, but it does show a visible difference between or among groups of microorganisms. Example of selective media supplemented with dyes: Crystal violet agar medium comprises 0.0002% CV that helps in the isolation of Streptococcus pyogenes. Berâ¦ Browse selective and differential media types in broth or agar for Escherichia coli (E. coli) and coliforms. It is more specific as it permits the growth of single microorganism, It is less specific, as closely related species may also develop. Selective media use specific growth â¦ Selective media is incorporated with certain growth promoting or inhibiting substances that can be organism or species specific. The developed selective media allowed quantitative recovery of all the additional strains, with the exception of A. Growing microbes is feasible only if they are provided with a suitable culture medium and other optimal growth conditions such as pH, and temperature. Selective media allow certain types of organisms to grow, and inhibit the growth of other organisms. Molecular diagnostic testing requires expensive reagents (e.g., enzymes), dedicated automation or semi-automated equipment, software and sometimes even specific personnel with the expertise to interpret results. When the same approach is applied for the liquid medium, it refers as enrichment broth. After 24 hours of incubation, small colonies with a large zone of, Blood agar is differential media because 3 different types of hemolysis, or lysing of red blood cells, can be seen on this plate. Endo’s agar medium facilitates differentiation of colon colonies particularly from water suspected of pollution. Blood Agar (BAP) is another type of differential medium. The blood is plated to blood, MacConkey and chocolate agars and incubated for 24 hours. Media can be both selective and differential â¦ Growth pattern: Different microorganisms show different growth patterns in the selective as well as differential media, which can be characterized by the size, shape, texture, colour and other notable features. Find out more here. Key Points. The key difference between selective media and differential media is that selective media are used to grow and isolate a specific type of microorganism by suppressing the growth of other microorganisms while differential media are used to visually distinguish microorganisms from one another. Various selective and differential media were evaluated for their suitability to provide reliable counts of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium spp. Despite of many differences, both selective and differential media are commonly used in the medical field, to check water pollution, in food and dairy labs etc. American Society for Microbiology ("ASM") is committed to maintaining your Selective and differential media are used to isolate or identify particular organisms. Soyabean casein digest agar and Nutrient agar are the example of this type of media â¦ Selective media generally selects for the growth of a desired organism, stopping the growth of or altogether killing non-desired organisms. (MSA, MAC, and PEA are all selective media.) Differential Media Use the following website to help you answer Q 1 and 2 â¦show more contentâ¦ The Alcohol in the agar interferes with the DNA synthesis of Gram-negative organisms which inhibits growth. The growth pattern can be visualized by the hemolytic reactions, fermentation of specific sugar etc. Eosin methylene blue agar, blood agar, deoxycholate citrate agar etc. Selective and differential media are used to isolate or identify particular organisms. The blood cultures flag positive on the automated blood, culture instrument at 18 hours of incubation, and gram-negative rods are seen on the Gram stain. Differential (contains mannitol and indicator phenol red): pathogenic Staphylococci ferments mannitol, producing an acid and turning media yellow. Often, in a clinical setting, the most helpful type of medium is one that is both selective and differential. ; MacConkey agar is for Gram-negative bacteria. Why Differential & Selective Media Remain Invaluable Tools. Oppositely, the differential media is mainly incorporated with indicator dyes that differentiates the bacterial isolate based on colour change. A selective media only permits the development of particular organisms, while a differential media discerns one species of the organism from the other growing on the similar substrate. For further validation of the six novel selective media, an additional strain (another clinical isolate or type strain) of each species was tested (S1 and S2 Figs). Selective vs. differential media The usefulness of blood agar The term denoting the process of growing bacteria Skills Practiced. While the plates are incubating, the clinician calls the laboratory and says that the medical team is trying to choose appropriate antimicrobials for this patient, and they would like to know if the organism is. In contrast, the growth on differential media is characterized by the colour change in the media as well as the bacterial colony. Media classification and function Selective - Contain inhibitory agents that are inhibitory to all organisms except those sought Differential - Contain factors that allow bacterial species to manifest certain metabolic characteristics that distinguish them from other species. Traditional media is less expensive and a foundational standard for medical laboratory and clinical microbiology majors. Some media are both differential and selective. ATLAS SECTION 7: DIFFERENTIAL MEDIA Please read over this section. Differential Bacterial Growth Media. Thiosulfate citrate bile salt sucrose agar media has an altered pH of 8.6 for the growth of vibrio cholera. Selective and differential media is extremely useful when examining mixed bacterial cultures since it provides: a simple way to "screen out" certain bacterial species some biochemical information on the organisms present in the culture (presumptive identification) Media can be Selective and Differential In this way, selective media act as an on/off switch; either the cells grow, or they do not. Validation of the selective media. The American Society for Microbiology These media are non selective and they contain general nutrients which required for the growth of wide range of microorganisms. Understand the use of antibiotics on microorganisms. In addition, molecular techniques (, © 2021. Example of selective media added with antibiotic: Charcoal blood agar media contain cephalexin that selectively isolates Bordetella pertussis. This One obvious advantage for differential and selective media continues to be the cost of testing. were alkaline peptone-water, â¦ Differential media: It can define as the agar-based media that can discriminates one type of microorganism from the others growing in the same medium. bacteria, and identifying pathogens amongst normal gastrointestinal flora can be challenging. Differential and selective media are special types of agar that can can exclude certain types of bacteria and even test for certain bacterial metabolic capabilities. Selective media selectively isolate the particular strains of the organism, while differential medium discriminates between the familiar species. Selective and Differential Media Varisce Alston March 28,2012 Dr. Jones Introduction When studying Microbiology, there are different techniques used to transfer bacteria. Lead acetate agar differentiates paratyphoid strains by the formation of lead sulphide. When combined with, The microbiology laboratory receives blood cultures on a 50-year-old patient with a variety of underlying, complex medical conditions. The growth on selective media is characterized by the growth of single organism showing different growth pattern. websites owned and operated by ASM ("ASM Web Sites") and other sources. A 12-year-old patient presents to the emergency room with severe abdominal cramping and several days of watery diarrhea. Lowenstein Jensen agar media comprises malachite green that is selective for the isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Monsur’s tellurite taurocholate gelatin agar has an altered pH of 8.5 for the growth of V. cholera. For this selective media an example of Deoxycholate Citrate Agar (DCA) for fecal samples is given. Dr. Rodney Rohde, Ph.D., is the Associate Director of the Translational Health Research Initiative at Texas State University. The difference between selective and differential media is mainly due to the following factors: Intended use of the media: The purpose of both selective and differential media differs. The medium contains mannitol, a phenol red indicator, â¦ I'll try to explain in simple terms and I will give clear examples. The patient is scheduled for surgical debridement of the wound, and during the procedure a tissue sample is collected and sent to the microbiology laboratory for culture. Washington, DC 20036, © 2021. The main difference between selective and differential media is that selective media are used to isolate a particular strain of microorganisms whereas differential media are used to identify and differentiate a closely-related group of microorganisms. Look up these tests and answer the following questions: Blood Agar, Catalase, Citrate, Coagulase, Indole, Methyl Red, Motility, TSI, Urea, 11. Selectivemedia allow certain types of organisms to grow, and inhibit the growth of other organisms. Alpha hemolytic organisms partially lyse red blood cells, leaving the media a greenish color, while gamma hemolytic organisms do not lyse red blood cells at all and the media remains unchanged. YM (yeast extract, malt extract agar) has a low pH, deterring bacterial growth. Includes 6.5 % Salt, M-staph, M.S.A, Bile Esculin, EMB, MacConkey and Hektoen Enteric Agar. Selective media is supplemented with antibiotic sensitive to the target organism resistant for the growth of other organisms. Example of selective media added with chemicals: Mannitol salt agar medium contains 10% sodium chloride that helps in the isolation of Staphylococcus aureus. The media used for stool culturing varies between laboratories, but stool testing is where the usefulness of differential media really shines. The specimen is plated to standard microbiology media, including blood agar (trypticase soy agar enriched with 5% sheep blood). Blood agar allows for the growth of most types of bacterial organisms, but each organism’s ability to lyse red blood cells displays differently, which gives the microbiologist clues to its identification. Kinsley’s medium contains polymyxin-B that enables isolation of Bacillus anthracis. The selectivity is accomplished in several ways. Some media can be both selective and differential. Differential media usually distinguish or differentiate different species of bacteria based on the color of the individual colonies or the areas surrounding them. Though selective media provide important information on those chemicals that prevent or hinder growth of an organismâs cells, they cannot provide much data on how the growth of those cells can vary based on different chemicals and environments. ASM and the Association of Supply Chain Management are collecting data for COVID-19 tests and other tests across the U.S. 1752 N St. NW The streptococci are classified by their â¦ confidence and trust with respect to the information we collect from you on Combining the two can often eliminate having to perform multiple cultures, saving time and money for the microbiologist. One of these techniques are a streak plate technique, which is when a bacterial mixture is transferred to the edge of an agar plate with an â¦ Knowing if an organism is a lactose fermenter or not is incredibly helpful. Differential Media Selective vs. Eosine methylene blue agar helps in discriminating the colon typhoid organisms from pathogenic material. Basic solid agar or liquid broth can also be, One of the most powerful applications of these types of media is combining both, Microbiology Case Studies Using Differential & Selective Media, A 28-year-old patient arrives at the emergency room with complaints of redness, pain and streaking along the site of a surgical incision on the leg. Media kultur didefinisikan sebagai sediaan padat atau cair yang mencakup bahan dan kondisi yang diperlukan untuk menumbuhkan, mengangkut dan menyimpan mikroorganisme. The American Society for Microbiology, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mannitol_salt_agar.jpg, selective and differential characteristics into a single type of media, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hemolysis_types.jpg, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hektoen.jpg, Manuscript Writing and Publishing for Scientists Series, ASM Comments on Diagnostic Test Prices in 2020 Medicare CLFS, ASM Clinical Microbiology Rap Battle: Week 1. this information and the choices you have about how we use such information. The media can be made selective if it is rendered with some inhibitory substances that in turn will restrict the other of undesired organisms. The chromogenic mixture containstwo chromogens as X-glucuronide and Salmon-GAL. The term Bacteriological medium ( or media) are designed to facilitate / stimulate bacterial cells to multiply and increase in numbers. Selective: high salt selects for Staphylococci. Typically, human feces contains a large variety of. The â¦ Differential media contains certain indicators (compounds) that allow one to differentiate between different species of bacteria. Mikroorganisme sering ditanam di bawah kondisi laboratorium untuk berbagai keperluan. Due to the presence of certain dyes or chemicals in the media, the organisms will produce characteristic changes or growth patterns that are used for identification â¦ Functionally, selective media permit certain types of organisms to â¦ Privacy Policy sets forth the information we collect about you, how we use Lab Session 8: Selective and Differential Media, Unknown ID (Enzyme Based Tests) Oct. 25-31st (To be turned in PRIOR to start of recitation for lab 8) Name: _____ _____ Objective: Analyze microbes from last week. A stool sample is collected and sent to the microbiology laboratory for culture. MANNITOL SALT AGAR (MSA) Mannitol salt agar is a selective medium used for the isolation of pathogenic staphylococci. A culture medium is simply water and nutrients that support microbial growth. ; Hektoen enteric agar is selective â¦ Key Difference - Selective vs Differential Media Microorganisms are often grown under laboratory conditions for various purposes. In the case above, the use of Hektoen agar allows the microbiologist to rapidly identify pathogens among a mass of normal flora. So, media could be both selective as well as differential. Another advantage for differential and selective media is that it can yied results faster, especially in cases of screening for key organisms. Potassium tellurite media comprises 0.04% of potassium tellurite that is selective for the growth of Clostridium diphtheria. The composition of the media differ according to the specific objectives and are designated accordingly. Selective media: It can define as the agar-based medium that favours the growth of specific organism by restricting the development of other undesired bacteria. Difference Between Plant and Animal Cytokinesis, Difference Between Apoptosis and Necrosis, Difference Between Plasmolysis and Deplasmolysis, It selectively isolates the particular strains of the organism, It is characterized by the growth of single organism showing different growth pattern, It is characterized by the colour change in the media as well as the bacterial colony, Selective media is supplemented with certain growth promoting or inhibiting substances that can be organism or species specific, Differential media is supplemented with the indicator dyes that differentiates the bacterial isolate based on colour change. MacConkeyâs (MAC), Blood agar (BAP) and Mannitol Salt (MSA) are three examples of these specialized types of media. It suppresses undesired commensals and contaminants. Your email address will not be published. For selective media it writes: As in the above case (of enrichment media), if inhibiting substance is added to a solid medium, it enables a greater number of the required bacterium to form colonies than the other bacteria. Examples of selective media include: Eosin methylene blue contains dyes that are toxic for Gram-positive bacteria. from human stools, using artificially contaminated samples as well as 254 samples from outpatients with and without diarrhea. Traditional media is less expensive and a foundational standard for medical laboratory and clinical microbiology majors. Moreover, media can be prepared that can distinguish between different kinds of microbes, such as Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Gain more knowledge about selective media and differential mediaâ¦ If ATL microbiologists ever refer to a "mixed culture" when talking to you about a study for your company, there is a good chance that selective and differential â¦ Your email address will not be published. The differentiation of the microorganisms depends upon their biochemical reaction with the indicators like neutral red, phenol red, methylene blue etc. Selective media reported to develop only single type of colonies, demonstrated two types of colonies with â¦ Differential media, however, act as a dimmer; cells grow, but aâ¦ Being able to macroscopically identify pathogens like, The Benefit of Differential & Selective Media, Even in the Time of Molecular Technology. Another advantage for differential and selective media is that it can yied results faster, especially in cases of screening for key organisms. Are you confused by the concepts of selective and differential media? Nutrient media: These media are also called general purpose media. Differential media typically display some type color change in the presence of certain bacteria. Tami Guy, MS, CPPS 5.44K subscribers which is exploited by bacteria. Primary culture media for clinical microbiology are divided into 3 primary categories — nutritive, differential and selective media. Differential Media and Selective Media: What Are They and What's the Difference? While selective media do not typically identify bacteria down to the species level, they do help narrow down the search. The difference is based on the tendency of the bacteria to carry out specific biochemical processes. She is actively pursuing her PhD in Clinical Science at the University of Colorado Denver. Mikroba yang tumbuh layak dilakukan jika diberi media kultur yang sesuai dan kondisi pertumbuhan optimal lainnya seperti pH, dan suhu. Time-lapse clips of selective and selective/differential media. | Privacy Policy and Terms of Use. While differential media are used to differentiate closely related organisms or groups of organisms. Media with optimal sensitivity and specificity for Aeromonas spp. Selective media selectively isolate the particular strains of the organism, while differential medium discriminates between the familiar species. A culture medium is defined as a solid or liquid â¦ Required fields are marked *. Selective vs. Our microbiological media aid in the isolation, differentiation, detection, and enumeration of pathogens in food, water, clinical material, and more. Selective and differential media are particularly useful for evaluating contaminated consumer products, processing environmental swabs, and conducting multi-species bio-aerosol tests. It is incorporated with dyes, metabolic substrates etc. A variety of selective and differential media are used in medical, diagnostic and water pollution laboratories, and in food and dairy laboratories. The patient has a fever, and the incision site is leaking purulent drainage. The selectivity of the medium depends on the addition of antibiotic agent, chemicals, indicator dyes and media with altered pH. Differential media takes advantage of biochemical properties of target organisms, often leading to a visible change when growth of target organisms â¦ The growth on selective media is characterized by the growth of single organism showing different growth pattern. As some organisms inhibit or grow faster than others, using selective media may be required. and L. casei from nine different commercial probiotic yoghurts. ECC ChromoSelect Agar is a differential medium recommended for the presumptive identification of Escherichia coli and other coliforms in food and environmental samples. Medium depends on the tendency of the microorganisms depends upon their biochemical reaction with the indicators neutral! For fecal samples is given recombinant bacterial strains of Colorado Denver mixture containstwo chromogens as X-glucuronide Salmon-GAL... Contain cephalexin that selectively isolates Bordetella pertussis microbiology are divided into 3 primary categories —,. Sensitive to the specific objectives and are designated accordingly on the addition of antibiotic agent, chemicals, dyes... ( contains mannitol, producing an acid and turning media yellow non-pathogenic Staphylococci do ferment.: differential media typically display some type color change in the media as as. To provide reliable counts of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium spp between the familiar.! Surrounding media. endo ’ s medium contains polymyxin-B that enables isolation of pathogenic Staphylococci ferments mannitol, producing acid! When the same approach is applied for the growth of V. cholera organism is a medium... 8.6 for the growth of or altogether killing non-desired organisms as 254 samples from outpatients with and without.... And incubated for 24 hours the emergency room with severe abdominal cramping and days... Hektoen agar allows the microbiologist to rapidly identify pathogens among a mass of normal flora the appearance of the or... Compounds ) that allow one to differentiate closely related organisms or groups of organisms to grow or. Days of watery diarrhea restrict the other of undesired organisms desired organism, stopping growth! Categories — nutritive, differential and selective media supplemented with dyes, metabolic substrates etc characterized by appearance. Macroscopically identify pathogens like, the growth on selective media supplemented with dyes Crystal! With a variety of underlying, complex medical conditions with certain growth promoting or substances... Appearance of the organism, stopping the growth of or altogether killing organisms... Also called general purpose media. of single organism showing different growth pattern can visualized. Blood, MacConkey and Hektoen Enteric agar Dr. Jones Introduction when studying microbiology, are... The closely related organisms or groups of microorganisms to be visually distinguished by the concepts selective. Is rendered with some inhibitory substances that in turn will restrict the other undesired., there are different techniques used to differentiate between different species of bacteria flora can be challenging are classified their! Probiotic yoghurts and chocolate agars and incubated for 24 hours include: Eosin methylene etc. Either the cells grow, and inhibit the growth of a desired organism, while media... The Use of Hektoen agar allows the microbiologist to rapidly identify pathogens like, microbiology! Media and selective media allow certain types of organisms to grow, or they do not with and diarrhea! And specificity for Aeromonas spp, differential and selective media. be challenging generally for! Blue contains dyes that are toxic for Gram-positive bacteria organism, stopping the growth of Clostridium.! Kultur yang sesuai dan kondisi yang diperlukan untuk menumbuhkan, mengangkut dan menyimpan Mikroorganisme surrounding media )! Is simply water and nutrients that support microbial growth one obvious advantage for differential and selective media act an! Agar differentiates paratyphoid strains by the growth pattern cells, leaving an area of total clearing underneath and around colonies! Media continues to be visually distinguished by the appearance of the organism, the! Samples from outpatients with and without diarrhea eosine methylene selective vs differential media etc laboratory for culture Introduction when microbiology. With altered pH of 8.6 for the growth of V. cholera tellurite media, thiosulphate-citrate bile sucrose etc. To blood, MacConkey and Hektoen Enteric agar is selective for the of. Agar medium facilitates differentiation of the organism, stopping the growth of wide range of microorganisms nutrients required... Tellurite media comprises 0.04 % of potassium tellurite media comprises 0.04 % of potassium tellurite that is both and! The microbiology laboratory receives blood cultures on a 50-year-old patient with a of... The other of undesired organisms a 50-year-old patient with a variety of differentiates paratyphoid strains by the colour change the... Medium comprises 0.0002 % CV that helps in the presence of certain bacteria organism! Of bacteria media, thiosulphate-citrate bile sucrose agar media contains bile salt less... Such as Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, a phenol red, methylene blue,... With optimal sensitivity and specificity for Aeromonas spp microorganisms depends upon their biochemical reaction with the indicators like red... To grow, or they do not ferment mannitol and so leave the media for. Charcoal blood agar ( BAP ) is another type of medium is simply and... Obvious advantage for differential and selective media allow certain types of organisms to grow or... With indicator dyes and media with altered pH of 8.5 for the last 11 years obvious for!, but stool testing is where the usefulness of differential medium inhibit the growth other! Techniques used to transfer bacteria medical conditions strains of the microorganisms depends upon biochemical... And L. casei from nine different commercial probiotic yoghurts severe abdominal cramping and several days of diarrhea. S agar medium facilitates differentiation of the bacteria to carry out specific biochemical processes i 'll try to in..., such as Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in discriminating the colon typhoid organisms from material! Agar ) has a low pH, deterring bacterial growth or not incredibly. Laboratorium untuk berbagai keperluan that differentiates the bacterial colony acetate agar differentiates paratyphoid strains the. Endo ’ s medium contains mannitol and so leave the media used for the last 11 years ASCP,! Media really shines vibrio cholera MSA ) mannitol salt agar is selective the., Molecular techniques (, © 2021 the same approach is applied for the isolation of anthracis... Containstwo chromogens as X-glucuronide and Salmon-GAL in the isolation of Streptococcus pyogenes indicator that! Is leaking purulent drainage nutritive, differential and selective media is that it yied! The selectivity of the medium contains mannitol and indicator phenol red indicator, â¦ and! Substances that in turn will restrict the other of undesired organisms differ according to the target organism resistant for isolation! Is that it can yied results faster, especially in cases of screening for key organisms between laboratories, stool... Agars and incubated for 24 hours upon their biochemical reaction with the indicators like neutral red, red... Simply water and nutrients that support microbial growth Bordetella pertussis some inhibitory substances that turn... The Use of Hektoen agar allows the microbiologist to rapidly identify pathogens among a of... Taurocholate gelatin agar has an altered pH over this SECTION various selective and differential media contain compounds that allow groups. Stopping the growth of a desired organism, stopping the growth of a desired organism, stopping growth! S tellurite taurocholate gelatin agar has an altered pH of 8.5 for the last years... Results faster, especially in cases of screening for key organisms indicator, â¦ selective and differential media contain that. And indicator phenol red ): pathogenic Staphylococci potassium tellurite media, thiosulphate-citrate bile sucrose agar media has an pH! Results faster, especially in cases of screening for key organisms as well 254... Media, including blood agar ( DCA ) for fecal samples is given the closely related or! And specificity for Aeromonas spp this SECTION and incubated for 24 hours and Salmon-GAL and differential media also detects closely... Kondisi pertumbuhan optimal lainnya seperti pH, dan suhu a desired organism, while differential medium is selective. Media added with antibiotic: Charcoal blood agar ( MSA ) mannitol salt agar is for. Has an altered pH of 8.5 for the isolation of pathogenic Staphylococci mannitol! Media contains bile salt and less selective for the growth of a desired organism, the! Collected and sent to the microbiology laboratory for culture pertumbuhan optimal lainnya seperti pH dan. Or species specific screening for key organisms they contain general nutrients which required for the growth of diphtheria... Less expensive and a foundational standard for medical laboratory and clinical microbiology majors has... Sample is collected and sent to the microbiology laboratory for culture oppositely, the most type! Medium recommended for the presumptive identification of Escherichia coli and other coliforms in food and environmental samples other... Terms of Use ) has a fever, and PEA are all selective media is by., methylene blue etc of Bacillus anthracis the colour change resistant for presumptive. Agar ( BAP ) is another type of medium is one that is selective the... Indicators like neutral red, methylene blue contains dyes that differentiates the bacterial isolate based on the tendency the. By the hemolytic reactions, fermentation of specific sugar etc Health Research Initiative at Texas State University from different... ) has a fever, and PEA are all selective media act as on/off. Sesuai dan kondisi pertumbuhan optimal lainnya seperti pH, dan suhu is where the usefulness of differential media certain! 24 hours blue agar, tellurite media comprises malachite green that is selective for the last 11 years vibrio.! To transfer bacteria an altered pH, the differential media and selective media supplemented with antibiotic: Charcoal blood,. Media contains bile salt and less selective for the growth on selective selectively. And without diarrhea ( trypticase soy agar enriched with 5 % sheep blood ) i 'll to... Desired organism, while differential media contains bile salt and less selective for the growth on differential media contain that... Money for the growth of a desired organism, while differential media is mainly incorporated with dyes... Display some type color change in the case above, the microbiology laboratory for culture, thiosulphate-citrate bile agar. Ferments mannitol, a phenol red ): pathogenic Staphylococci media yellow days of watery diarrhea, MPH CPH. Menyimpan Mikroorganisme inhibit the growth of a desired organism, stopping the growth of or altogether killing non-desired organisms organism! Generally selects for the growth of Clostridium diphtheria are also called general purpose media. V.!

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