Dongria Kondh Tribe. The 8000 strong Dongria Kondh tribe have resided in the lush green environs of the Niyamgiri Mountains for generations. This analysis is a deep dive into India’s strategic options in West Asia- dealing largely with three nations- i.e. Iran is Saudi Arabia’s chief adversary in West Asia. The success story will end. Kondhs speak the Kui and Kuvi languages. Investments have included a $44 billion oil refinery in India by Saudi Aramco and the Abu Dhabi National Oil Company in partnership with an Indian consortium. Experts opine that it can only be a pressure tactic and do little unless stringent actions are taken to stop informal trade that has been going on between the two countries for long. All the same, the desert kingdom of Saudi Arabia has woken up to the fact that India is one of the world’s largest economies and will soon be the world’s second-largest oil market. According to Captain Macpherson (1846), the word Kondh means” mountaineer”, derived from the Telugu word ko or ku, signifying a hill or mountain. Experts opine that the campaign by Saudi Arabia and the UAE to curtail the influence of political Islamist groups also draws them closer to India. India’s Dongria Kondh tribe have rejected plans by mining giant Vedanta Resources for an open-pit bauxite mine in their sacred Niyamgiri Hills. This cyclicality, while relatively predictable, imposes large stresses on the power system. The punjas of the Dongria Kondhs are jani, pujari, bismajhi and mandal. Dongria girls wear clips in their hair and rings and beads around their necks. In 2012-13, informal trade between India and Pakistan — estimated in a study (ICRIER, N. Taneja and S. Bimal, 2016) — was $4.71 billion, which was double when compared to formal trade. The coast of Orissa in India is the largest mass nesting site for the Olive-ridley, followed by the coasts of Mexico and Costa Rica. [Insights Secure – 2019] Daily UPSC Mains Answer Writing Practice: 11 July 2019. Tribes in India . During his visit to New Delhi, the Saudi Crown Prince hinted at the attack by vowing to “cooperate in every way, including intelligence sharing”. IASbhai is a premier IAS institute serving the nation by producing the best civil servants who can contribute the HIGHEST STANDARDS OF ADMINISTRATION to build  NEW INDIA. Discuss (250 words), Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *. The Olive Ridley turtles are the smallest and most abundant of all sea turtles found in the world. Natural causes- Many forest fires start from natural causes such as lightning which set trees on fire. Meanwhile, Indian investments in Iran, including the. Samantara, an iconic leader of social justice movements, led a historic 12-year legal battle that affirmed the indigenous Dongria Kondh’s land rights and protected the Niyamgiri hills from a massive, open-pit aluminum ore mine. For now, the Modi government seems to have taken its pick. Most notably, this materialised in their support for Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi’s takeover of power in Egypt from the Muslim Brotherhood in 2013, and in their dispute with Qatar, a key regional backer of the group. The basin covers 11 states of Uttarakhand, U.P., M.P., Rajasthan, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Bihar, West Bengal and Delhi. One by one the spirits speak through her mouth… km. About 79% area of Ganga basin is in India. They believe that their right to cultivate Niyamgiri’s slopes has been conferred on them by Niyam Raja, and that they are his royal descendants. They are known for the spirited defence of their forested habitat against short-sighted industrialisation. In 1998, Israel provided India with valuable intelligence on Pakistani positions during the Kargil war. He also announced $20 billion worth of investments, in addition to previously announced aid of $6 billion in cash and reserves. Despite obtaining a six-month waiver from the U.S. in November, 2018 on energy imports from Iran, India is shoring up plans to find alternative sources as the waiver reaches its term. Location: They are located in the Niyamgiri hills. This includes most important the Vamshadhara river. The Dongria women are also given equal status in the society in matters such as widow remarriage, possessing property without the interference of their husbands and sons. As a standalone visit, the day-long trip of Crown Prince Mohammed Bin Salman Bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud (MBS) to New Delhi will be regarded as a diplomatic success, given the numerous outcomes. Having practically abandoned a “balancing” approach, the Modi government has, in effect, placed its bets on Israel and the Gulf monarchies, relegating relations with Iran to the side. India’s efforts to woo Saudi Arabia have been one of its more notable foreign policy successes of the last decade. The U.S., meanwhile, imposed new sanctions on Venezuela’s state-run oil company, PDVSA — all properties of the company subject to U.S. jurisdiction was blocked and American citizens were barred from trading with the company. The title of this editorial analysis is taken from an article published in the Hindu BusinessLine on the 23rd of February, 2019. Although this approach has allowed India to eschew involvement in regional disputes and de-hyphenate relations with regional rivals including Iran, Israel and Saudi Arabia, the policy has also constrained India’s ability to press its geopolitical interests in the region. Vice-President Delcy Rodríguez said in a tweet late on 22nd February, 2019 that Venezuela’s government shut the Tachira border that connects it with Cúcuta temporarily “due to a series of illegal threats” by Colombia. So the attempts to topple Mr. Maduro are not making headway. Population: The Dongria Kondh community … In this context, in 1975, the Government of India initiated to identify the most vulnerable tribal groups as a separate category called PVTGs and declared 52 such groups, while in 1993 an additional 23 groups were added to the category, making it a total of 75 PVTGs out of 705 Scheduled Tribes, spread over 17 states and one Union Territory (UT), in the country (2011 census). If the flexibility of the power system is not swiftly increased, within a few years India will reach technical and economic limits to the growth of renewables. It also gave village assemblies the right to give or withhold their consent to projects affecting their rights. However, India’s tilt towards Israel, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE is not a risk-free move. Although the simultaneous attacks that claimed the lives of 27 members of Iran’s Revolutionary Guard Corps and 40 members of India’s Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) are likely to bring India and Iran closer together against Pakistan, it is doubtful that the occasion would generate much momentum in bilateral relations. The Organization is the collective voice of the Muslim world. During his visit to New Delhi, MBS said he foresaw up to $100 billion worth of Saudi investments in India over the next few years, including a plan by the Saudi Basic Industries Corp. to acquire two LNG plants. New Markets or MSP | UPSC, Current Affairs News Analysis for UPSC | 6th Jan 2021, Supreme Court clears Central Vista Project | UPSC, Statement on Climate of India during 2020-IMD | UPSC, Toycathon-2021 and Toycathon Portal | UPSC. It is believed that Niyam Raja is the source of their essential resources. Dongria Kondh. The rights of tribals over natural resources have been reduced over the years through the concepts of protected forests etc., and the commission has been lacking to secure the same. This will disturb the ecology of the area. km) and supporting about 43% of its population (448.3 million as per 2001 census). Almost 90% of the country’s population is living in poverty, while per capita income has been falling since 2014. The Opposition has strong support both within and outside the country. Besides China, India and Pakistan are the two largest economies in the South Asian region. Wind tariffs have fallen from ₹4.5-5/kWh to a similar range as solar. Pakistan on its part perceives MBS as a valuable interlocutor on its behalf with the U.S. because of his excellent rapport with U.S. President Donald Trump. However, this can only be achieved if a cost-effective portfolio of flexibility options can be developed, from shifting demand to match supply, making coal plants more flexible, and developing energy storage. High atmospheric temperatures and dryness (low humidity) offer favorable circumstance for a fire to start. The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) has been leading a flagship project called the. Published: February 21, 2013 . The Saora people are a jungle tribe with a shamanic culture. You can also find us on Twitter and Facebook. They derive their name from dongar, meaning ‘hill’ and the name for themselves is Jharnia: protector of … “Today, the obstacles that the dictatorship created will tomorrow be rivers of unity, of peace,” Mr. Guaidó said in a news conference on Friday in Cúcuta, where he was received by Colombian President Iván Duque Márquez. Which of the States is not covered by the Ganga Basin? There are hundreds of tribes in India, it becomes very difficult for the aspirants to remember each and every tribe. Ganga basin is the largest river basin in India in terms of catchment area, constituting 26% of the country’s land mass (8,61,404 Sq. ; The concept of labour cooperatives is still in vogue in almost all tribal communities. Many hands ensure green fields for Odisha’s tribal villages. From an economic perspective, U.S. sanctions have turned Iran into an unreliable economic partner. Geopolitically speaking, MBS and Abu Dhabi’s Crown Prince Mohammed bin Zayed (MBZ) have over the past few years escalated their battle against political Islamist groups, including the Muslim Brotherhood. Niyamgiri is an area of densely forested hills, deep gorges and cascading streams. India is expected to rely on a higher share of solar PV, given its abundant and cheap solar resource. A group of frustrated Venezuelans who were seeking to cross into Colombia on 23rd February, 2019 to work on morning threw rocks and bottles at National Guard troops, who responded with tear gas. of the sacred undisturbed forests on top of the mountain, where the proposed mining lease area of the Lanjigarh bauxite mining lease is located. Question 1.Consider the following statements: Question 2.Consider the following statements about the Dongria Kondh tribe. Perspective on Aid bailout: Why Pakistan needs Saudi Arabia? About: They derive their name from dongar, meaning ‘hill’ and are the member of Khond Tribe Status: They are a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group. Women wear many rings through their ears and three through their noses, while boys wear two nose rings. To integrate renewables, we need the desirable kind of demand response, which doesn’t compromise with reliability. “We were all going to work, we want to work, the people attempted to force through,” said Viviana Meza, 29, who works in a Cúcuta restaurant. Dongria Kondh Context: Lockdown Has Pushed Tribes in Odisha’s Niyamgiri Hills to the Brink of Starvation . loss of biodiversity and extinction of plants and animals, loss of wildlife habitat and depletion of wildlife, loss of natural regeneration and reduction in forest cover, loss of carbon sink resource and increase in percentage of CO2 in atmosphere, change in the microclimate of the area with unhealthy living conditions, soil erosion affecting productivity of soils and production. Dongria Kondh Odisha: About. At the leadership level, Mr. Modi extended more than a personal touch to the visit by going to the airport and embracing the Crown Prince on landing. But the state-owned generators, hitherto resistant, need to be brought into the fold, and shoulder their fair share of responsibility for system balancing. The Dongria Kondh are currently holding their annual ‘Niyamraja festival’ on the picturesque hilltop of Niyamgiri. The tribe’s reli… Prince Mohammed went from India to China, cancelling at the last minute stopovers in Malaysia and Indonesia. Olive-ridleys face serious threats across their migratory route, habitat and nesting beaches, due to human activities such as turtle unfriendly fishing practices, development and exploitation of nesting beaches for ports, and tourist centres. ‘Informal trade has also taken place through Afghanistan where goods are exported officially from India and later smuggled into Pakistan. Fact Box: Dongria Kondh tribe. Ethnicity: Dongria Kondh people are members of the Kondhs, of the Munda ethnic group. European powers gave Mr. Maduro an ultimatum to announce fresh elections, which he rejected. Dongria Kondh UPSC IASNETWORK, September 6, 2020 September 6, ... PRELIMS CURRENT AFFAIRS, UPSC PRELIMS CURRENT AFFAIRS, 0 . As a matter of fact, videos on social media showed crowds first jeering and then cheering the men as they were escorted away by Colombian police. The UK in the 19th century and China in the 20th century powered their economies first with coal, and only cleaned up after they became relatively wealthy. ; Beliefs: They worship Niyam Raja (Niyamraja), the supreme god of the Niyamgiri jungle. It has also suggested steps including fixing a three year time period to for industry to adjust to the data storage requirement of the country with a view to develop infrastructure for promoting digital economy. Experts opine that India’s decision to withdraw the. About Dongria Kondh tribe: The Dongria Kondh, a primitive tribal group [now termed as particularly vulnerable tribe], has been protecting more than 7 sq. The basin covers an area of 1,086,000 sq km, extending over India, Nepal and Bangladesh. The females return to the very same beach from where they first hatched, to lay their eggs. Amid this crisis, about three million Venezuelans have fled the country, most since 2015. Moreover, Iran’s Chabahar port represents a strategic investment for India which hopes to use the facility to connect with the International North-South Transit Corridor (INSTC) that extends to Central Asia and to bypass Pakistan en route to Afghanistan. Experts opine that the current crisis, triggered by economic woes, government repression and a disputed election, is different. Venezuela has also been facing severe food and medicines shortages for months. The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) is the second largest inter-governmental organization after the United Nations. And the economic crisis is far from easing. Please help the Dongria ." In agriculture, commercial cooling, parts of industry, and eventually electric vehicles, there is a large potential to shift demand to times of high production of cheap renewables, at negligible cost or even economic benefit. A large part is earmarked for investment in the construction of an oil refinery in Gwadar on the Makran coast, which is being developed as a strategic port by China and features prominently in the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) plan. As Pakistan’s relations with Iran deteriorate, it is likely to move further into the Saudi orbit. Location: Located in the Niyamgiri Hills in the Rayagada and Kalahandi District in Odisha. From around ₹10-12/kWh in 2010, solar tariffs have come down to ₹2.5-3/kWh. It also acknowledged that disputes between India and Pakistan must be resolved bilaterally. Location: They are located in the Niyamgiri hills. Secondly, power plants themselves need to become more flexible to vary their output to balance the variable output of renewables. Niyamgiri’s Dongria Kondh gird for ‘resistance’ after SC order. At the same time, the Saudis have been one of Pakistan’s key supporters. Juan Guaidó, recognised by most Western nations as the country’s legitimate head of state, defied court orders not to leave Venezuela by arriving on 22nd February, 2019 in the Colombian border city of Cúcuta, where aid from the U.S. and Colombian governments is stockpiled in warehouses. Indian-made goods smuggled into Pakistan include cosmetics, liquor, stainless steel utensils, ayurvedic medicines, videotapes/CDs, confectionery/cashew nuts, tea, coffee, live animals and spices. Maduro’s government also has some support among the public, especially the poor, the backbone of the Chavismo government. Dongria Kondh. The move comes after the attack on a Central Reserve Police Force convoy in Pulwama, Jammu and Kashmir. 1. Guaidó says the Venezuelan Constitution allows the president of the National Assembly to take power as interim President in the absence of an elected President. The socio-political governing and decision-making body of the Dongria Kondh community is also known as the Kutumba. In contrast, India’s NTMs are soft barriers which operate as delays or bureaucratic hurdles rather than bans. Moreover, Pakistan’s relations with Iran, never easy, have hit a new low following the recent terrorist attack in the Sistan-Baluchistan Province that killed 27 Revolutionary Guards. Mr. Guaidó in January 2019, invoked articles of the Constitution to assume interim presidency and denounced Mr. Maduro as a usurper, arguing his 2018 re-election was illegitimate. Major exports from India that would hard hit would be cotton (not carded or combed) valued at $0.273 billion, p-Xylene ($0.082 billion), polypropylene ($0.063 billion) and single yarn ($0.088 billion). There was an error while trying to send your request. Language: Kui language (Oral only, not written) Beliefs: They worship Niyam Raja, the god of the Niyamgiri Forests. They sustain themselves from the resources of the, Dongria are having nuclear,monogamous and, The socio-political governing and decision-making body of the Dongria Kondh community is also known as the, Members of the village are also organised into. The crisis took a dangerous turn on January 23, 2019 when Juan Guaidó, president of the Opposition-controlled National Assembly, declared himself interim President of the oil-rich South American country, directly challenging the authority of President Nicolás Maduro, who began his second six-year term in January 2019. Forest fire is a common hazard in forests. Context: There is a growing Opposition to the government’s decision to allow the removal of mineral-rich sand from the estuary (pozhi) of Thottappally coast of Kerala. The Organization was established upon a decision of the historical summit which took place in Rabat, Kingdom of Morocco on 25 September 1969. Members of the Kondhs, of the Munda ethnic group. So would be the NTMs, if increased, as India’s imports from Pakistan are reasonably low at $0.488 billion. According to an alert from NASA’s Fire Information for Resource Management System (NASA-FIRMS) 21 fires or hotspots were detected during the satellite overpass. Consider the following for Olive Ridley turtles. The Dongria live in villages scattered throughout the hills. Since the 1990-91 Gulf War, India has officially adopted a “balancing” approach to West Asia. The key to this is scale to allow learning-by-doing to occur. One of the mountains in the Niyamgiri hill range, Niyam Dongar, is regarded by the tribe to be the abode of their divine god, Niyam Raja (The King of Law). 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